VOF Calculations of Countercurrent Gas-Liquid Flow in a PWR Hot Leg

<table class="table-group" width="800px"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><img alt="935391.fig.007a" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/stni/volume-2012/935391/figures/935391.fig.007a.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(a) </b>Water volume in the lower tank (maximum turbulent viscosity ratio = 10<sup>4</sup>)</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><img alt="935391.fig.007b" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/stni/volume-2012/935391/figures/935391.fig.007b.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(b) </b>CCFL characteristics (*maximum turbulent viscosity ratio)</td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<table>Results calculated using the standard <svg height="12.4375" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.174999 12.4375" width="33.174999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.162)"><path d="M480 416q0 -21 -18 -41q-9 -11 -17 -7q-20 9 -42 9q-62 0 -140 -78q23 -69 88 -192q17 -31 27 -42t20 -11q16 0 62 46l17 -20q-64 -92 -119 -92q-35 0 -70 66q-41 73 -84 187q-36 -30 -62 -61q-27 -115 -35 -172q-41 -8 -78 -20l-6 6l140 612q7 28 0.5 34t-37.5 7l-34 1
l5 26q38 4 74 13.5t57 17t25 7.5q12 0 4 -32l-104 -443h2q35 38 97 93q39 35 65.5 56t62 41.5t58.5 20.5q19 0 30.5 -10t11.5 -22z" id="x1D458"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.387,12.162)"><path d="M535 230h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x2212"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,26.139,12.162)"><path d="M387 375q0 -16 -17 -31t-29 -15q-9 0 -12 13q-13 74 -80 74q-36 0 -61 -24.5t-25 -56.5t24 -51.5t68 -19.5q33 0 47 2l2 -7l-32 -42q-20 2 -54 2q-45 0 -74 -21.5t-29 -60.5q0 -41 28 -65.5t73 -24.5q78 0 145 67l17 -23q-33 -47 -84.5 -75t-111.5 -28q-70 0 -114.5 35.5
t-44.5 92.5q0 46 38 78t95 45v2q-35 10 -54.5 33t-19.5 52q0 55 53 88.5t122 33.5q67 0 98.5 -23.5t31.5 -49.5z" id="x1D700"></path></g>
</svg> turbulent model for the 1/5-scale tests (<svg height="11.175" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.775 11.175" width="13.775" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path d="M780 372q0 -191 -178 -297q-128 -75 -335 -75h-250l7 27q61 7 77 22t28 76l77 398q11 62 0 76.5t-77 22.5l6 28h292q164 0 258.5 -67.5t94.5 -210.5zM678 375q0 119 -73 180.5t-201 61.5q-62 0 -82 -13q-17 -7 -25 -53l-80 -427q-8 -47 -4 -62t26 -20q24 -6 80 -6
q166 0 262.5 95t96.5 244z" id="x1D437"></path></g>
</svg> = 50 mm, air-water).</table>

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

VOF Calculations of Countercurrent Gas-Liquid Flow in a PWR Hot Leg

Figure 7