Safety Assessment of Nuclear Power Plants for Liquefaction Consequences

Table 2

Relation between mechanism of structural displacement and earthquake parameters as well as parameters of the structure.

Increase in parameter	Primary deformation mechanisms/mechanism of displacement
	Localized volumetric strains due to partial drainage	Sedimentation after liquefaction	Consolidation due to excess pore pressure dissipation	Partial bearing failure due to strength loss in foundation soil	SSI-induced building ratcheting due to cyclic foundation loading
Peak ground acceleration (PGA)	↑↑	↑↑	↑↑	↑↑	↑↑
Liquefiable layer rel. density (Dr)	↓↓	↓↓	↓	↓↓	↑↓
Liquefiable layer thickness	↑	↑	↑↑	↑	↑↓
Foundation width	↓	↑↓	↑	↓	↓↓
Static shear stress ratio,	↓	↓	↓	↑↓	—
Height/width ratio of structure	↑	↑	↑	—	↑↑
Building weight	↑↓	↑↓	↑↓	↑↓	↑↑
3D drainage	↑↑	↓	↑	↓	↑↓