Effects of Diameters on Countercurrent Flow Limitation at a Square Top End in Vertical Pipes

Table 2

Classifications of CCFL at the square top end (Region “R-”: cf. Figure 8(a)).

Classification	Top end	D [mm]	h [mm]	Data base
Basic, pe (R-I)	Protruding	44, 51, 64, 76, 89, 100	Low	Richter [9]
Basic, se (R-I)	Square	30, 45, 60	100, 200	Doi et al. [10]
		51	Mid-level	Bharathan et al. [12]
High h, se (R-II)	Square	30	300, 450, 600	Doi et al. [10]
Large D, se (R-II)	Square	148	Mid-level	Bharathan et al. [12]
Large D, pe (R-III)	Protruding	140	Low	Richter [9]
		148	Mid-level	Bharathan et al. [12]
		250	Mid-level	Richter et al. [14]
Low h, pe (R-III)	Protruding	19, 25, 32, 38	Low	Richter [9]
Small D, pe (R-IV)	Protruding	19	Mid-level	Bharathan et al. [12]
Small D, se (R-IV)	Square	19, 25	Mid-level	Bharathan et al. [12]
		20	50, 100, 200	Matumura and Kaminaga [13]