3D Finite Element Modeling of Single Bolt Connections under Static and Dynamic Tension Loading

Figure 6

Static tension bolt modeling approaches, including (a) detailed model, (b) simplified model with end linkages (#1–3), (c) simplified model with shell head and embedded end, with a hole (#4), and (d) simplified model with shell head and embedded end, without a hole (#5).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)