Study on Rockburst Nucleation Process of Deep-Buried Tunnels Based on Microseismic Monitoring

Figure 11

On-site photos showing the failure caused by rockburst. (a) Compression cracking failure induced stripping of substantial spall in layers. (b) Substantial wedged fragments produced by shear failure were ejected to a certain distance. (c) The anchoring-shotcreting and flexible support systems suffered severe damage. (d) Rockburst failure resulted in the formation of V-shaped craters.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)