Dynamics of the Bogie of Maglev Train with Distributed Magnetic Forces

Figure 8

Indication with black filling of the levitation gap gains from the model with concentrated magnetic forces larger than those from the distributed magnetic forces. The filling ratios in the figure are 82% for the left front point, 69% for the right front point, 96% for the left rear point, and 60% for the right rear point. The bogies are controlled with four identical decentralized PID controllers with parameters of , , , and .