A Fault Diagnosis Method for Rolling Bearings Based on Feature Fusion of Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis and Alpha Stable Distribution

Table 4

Kernel Principle Component Fusion Features.

Operational status	The first KPCFF	The second KPCFF	The third KPCFF	The fourth KPCFF	The fifth KPCFF
Normal (1)	4.9573	−1.0961	−1.2839	0.9007	−0.1812
	5.0354	−0.8159	−1.0046	0.5238	−0.0966
	4.9983	−0.9952	−1.3666	0.7806	−0.2376
	5.0838	−0.8831	−1.0041	0.5002	−0.0809
	5.0996	−0.6343	−0.9436	0.2673	−0.0982
Slight inner-race faults (2)	−1.1187	−0.7731	0.2512	1.6153	−0.2885
	−1.1032	−0.6949	0.3918	1.4490	−0.2378
	−1.0877	−0.7556	0.4253	1.5020	−0.1996
	−0.9460	−0.4249	0.7763	0.8910	−0.1002
	−1.0461	−0.6578	0.5738	1.3861	−0.1424
Serious inner-race faults (3)	−1.9727	0.2010	−0.7469	0.5437	−0.6306
	−1.9041	0.0533	−0.8268	1.1150	−0.5201
	−1.9308	0.1812	−0.7419	0.7634	−0.5559
	−1.9250	0.1193	−0.6717	0.7631	−0.5341
	−1.9555	0.1244	−0.8327	0.7224	−0.6227
Slight outer-race faults (4)	−0.7860	−1.1351	0.6127	−0.3092	1.0381
	−0.6851	−1.1030	0.7347	0.2631	1.2416
	−0.8711	−1.4199	0.6346	−0.3111	1.0466
	−0.9288	−1.6412	0.1951	0.1508	0.9099
	−0.5976	−1.7833	0.9016	0.1909	1.2657
Serious outer-race faults (5)	−1.9878	−1.4426	−1.2981	−1.3160	−0.2770
	−2.0303	−2.0079	−1.0134	−2.3885	−0.2986
	−2.0095	−1.4012	−1.1461	−1.0860	−0.1815
	−1.9680	−1.6459	−1.3654	−0.4349	−0.1411
	−2.0229	−1.9337	−0.9398	−1.6368	−0.1383
Slight ball faults (6)	0.6667	0.2965	1.7823	−0.5872	−0.7083
	0.8826	0.5191	1.9752	−0.9107	−0.5503
	0.6924	0.3294	1.7192	−0.4468	−0.6831
	0.8585	0.7214	2.2533	−1.0845	−0.4724
	0.6424	0.1901	1.6329	−0.3335	−0.7461
Serious ball faults (7)	−0.3411	2.8973	−0.5789	−1.1231	0.2425
	−0.2971	3.1559	−0.5847	−0.9404	0.2741
	−0.2901	3.1244	−0.5308	−0.3762	0.3756
	−0.2722	3.3138	−0.5837	−0.2720	0.3358
	−0.2391	3.4092	−0.5689	−0.3363	0.3301