Research Article
Improved Multibody Dynamics for Investigating Energy Dissipation in Train Collisions Based on Scaling Laws
Table 1
Scaling parameters.
| Category | Independent parameter | Dimension | Similarity factor |
| Material | Stress () | | 1.0 | Strain () | — | 1.0 | Elastic modulus () | | 1.0 | Poisson’s ratio () | — | 1.0 | Density () | | 1.0 | Geometry | Length () | | S | Area () | | S2 | Volume () | | S3 | Energy | Elastic and plastic energy, kinetic energy () | | S3 | Mass () | | S3 | Dynamic | Load () | | S2 | Time () | | | Displacement () | | | Velocity ) | | 1.0 |
|
|
, , and are base quantity dimensions. : length; : force; : time; : similarity factor.
|