Improved Multibody Dynamics for Investigating Energy Dissipation in Train Collisions Based on Scaling Laws

Table 4

Comparison of deformations between experiment and IMM.

Location		Deformation for experiment (mm)	Deformation for IMM (mm)	Difference (mm)	Relative error
Region 1	Collapsed tube	56	62.5	6.5	11.61%
	Main energy absorbing structure	199	224	25	12.56%
Region 2	Collapsed tube	60	62.5	2.5	4.17%
	Main energy absorbing structure	134	150	16	11.94%
Regions 1 and 2 in total	Collapsed tube	116	125	9	7.76%
	Main energy absorbing structure	333	374	41	12.31%
Region 3	Collapsed tube	0	0.5	0.5
	Car body	0	0	0
Region 4	Collapsed tube	0	0.6	0.6
	Car body	0	0	0
Regions 3 and 4 in total	Collapsed tube	0	1.1	1.1
	Car body	0	0	0
Regions 5 and 6 in total		0	2	2
Regions 7 and 8 in total		0	1	1
Regions 9 and 10 in total		0	3	3