The Influence of Amplitude- and Frequency-Dependent Stiffness of Rail Pads on the Random Vibration of a Vehicle-Track Coupled System

<div>Power spectral density (PSD) of the vertical random vibration acceleration of a vehicle body due to the linear secant stiffness, the nonlinear frequency-dependent stiffness, and the nonlinear amplitude- and frequency-dependent stiffness of rail pads.</div>

Shock and Vibration

fig7

Figure 7

Figure 7: The Influence of Amplitude- and Frequency-Dependent Stiffness of Rail Pads on the Random Vibration of a Vehicle-Track Coupled System 