Toward Small-Scale Wind Energy Harvesting: Design, Enhancement, Performance Comparison, and Applicability

Table 7

Summary of various TIV energy harvester devices.

Author	Transduction	Cut-in wind speed (m/s)	Cut-out wind speed (m/s)	Maximum power (mW)	Wind speed at max power (m/s)	Dimensions	Power density per volume (mW/cm^3)	Advantages/disadvantages and other information
Akaydin et al. [47]	Piezoelectric	≈5	—	0.55 × 10^−4	11	Bluff body: 3 cm in dia., 1.2 m in length.; Cantilever: 3 × 1.6 × 0.02 cm^3.; Distance from the wall: 4 cm	6.48 × 10^−8	(i) Performance of harvester in turbulent boundary layer depends on the distance from the wall; dominant oscillation frequency was close to the beam resonance frequency.
Hobeck and Inman [28]	Piezoelectric	9~10	—	4.0	11.5	Bluff body: 4.45 × 4.45 × 10.92 cm^3.; Four identical cantilevers in an array: 101.60 mm × 25.40 mm × 101.60 μm steel substrate attached with 45.97 mm × 20.57 mm × 152.40 μm PZT	0.0184	(i) The first TIV energy harvesting model with experimental validation.; (ii) Being robust and survivable due to its inherent redundancy, with minor reduction in total power caused by one damaged element.; (iii) Suitable for highly turbulent fluid flow environments like streams or ventilation systems.

Obtained from the information of Figure of the reference.
Obtained from the information of Figure (b) of the reference.