Sliding Mode Control with PD Sliding Surface for High-Speed Railway Pantograph-Catenary Contact Force under Strong Stochastic Wind Field

Table 1

Validation of the present model according to the benchmark results.

Indicators	Benchmark	Simulation	Error (%)
Speed (km/s)	320	320	0
Mean contact force (N)	169	171.25	1.3
Standard deviation (N)	53.91	55.21	2.4
Max. real value (N)	313.22	321.79	2.7
Min. real value (N)	60.40	56.84	−5.9
Banded SD 0–2 Hz (N)	38.27	39.11	2.2
Banded SD 0–5 Hz (N)	41.04	40.52	−1.3
Banded SD 5–20 Hz (N)	34.80	36.07	3.6
PPA of the vertical displacement (mm)	47.58	45.31	4.8
Max. uplift at support (mm)	59.12	60.17	1.8