Particle Swarm Optimization for Active Structural Control of Highway Bridges Subjected to Impact Loading

Table 2

Ultimate sensitivity method results.

Optimization case	Deck displacement	Deck acceleration	Pier displacement	Pier acceleration
Maximum control gain, KM	10,000,000	500,000	1,000,000	50,000
Response period, Tn (sec)	1.65	1.8	2	2
Natural frequency, (rad/s)	3.8	3.5	3.1	3.1
Proportional gain, KP equation (3)	6,000,000	300,000	600,000	30,000
Integral gain, KI equation (4)	7,272,800	333,270	600,000	30,000
Derivative gain, KD equation (5)	1,237,500	67,510	150,000	7,500