Particle Swarm Optimization for Active Structural Control of Highway Bridges Subjected to Impact Loading

Table 4

Response reduction ratios for various optimization cases.

Optimization case	Method	Deck C1	Deck C2	Pier C1	Pier C2
Deck displacement	USM	0.87	0.67	1.01	0.85
	PSO	0.81	0.36	1.02	0.67
Deck acceleration	USM	0.65	0.67	0.81	0.37
	PSO	0.63	0.36	0.82	0.31
Pier displacement	USM	1.02	1.04	0.97	0.90
	PSO	1.11	1.18	0.93	0.89
Pier acceleration	USM	0.61	0.90	0.71	0.26
	PSO	0.47	1.09	0.44	0.13