Research Article

Experimental Study of a Low-Specific Speed Francis Model Runner during Resonance

Figure 2

Instantaneous illustration of the DM4 excitation. A sinusoidal signal with 2∗28 periods is divided into 30 equal segments. The intersection line for each segment represents the pressure in each of the 30 runner channels. By plotting a curve through the intersection points, the overall pressure with 4 diametral modes appears.