Experimental Study on Seismic Dynamic Characteristics of Shallow-Bias Tunnel with a Small Space

Table 1

The similar constants.

Physical quantity	Similar relation	Similar constants
L(m)		10
ρ(kg·m^−3)		1
E(MPa)		10
ε		1
σ(kPa)		10
μ		1
t(s)		3.16
a(m·s^−2)		1
u(mm)		10
v(mm·s^−1)		3.16
ω(Hz)		1
(°)		1
γ(kN·m^−3)		1
C(kN·m^−2)		10

L: length, ρ: density, E: elastic modulus, ε: strain, σ: stress, μ: Poisson ratio, T: time, a: acceleration, u: displacement, v: velocity, ω: frequency, : angle of shear strength, γ: specific weight, and C: cohesion.