Experimental Study on Seismic Dynamic Characteristics of Shallow-Bias Tunnel with a Small Space

Table 3

Physical and mechanical parameters.

Materials	Material parameters
	E (MPa)	μ	γ (kN·m^−3)	Φ (°)	C (kPa)
Weakly weathered rock	6000	0.25	23	39	700
Weak rock	1300	0.3	20	27	200
Hard rock	18900	0.3	25	50	1500
Lining	34500	0.16	24	-	-

E: elastic modulus, μ: Poisson ratio, φ: angle of shear strength, C: cohesion, and γ: bulk density