Experimental Investigation of Sandstone under Cyclic Loading: Damage Assessment Using Ultrasonic Wave Velocities and Changes in Elastic Modulus

<div>Graphs showing P- and S-wave velocities versus axial stress for Type 1 tests. (a) Loading stage P-wave velocities; (b) unloading stage P-wave velocities; (c) loading stage S-wave velocities; (d) unloading stage S-wave velocities.</div>

Shock and Vibration

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Figure 8

Figure 8: Experimental Investigation of Sandstone under Cyclic Loading: Damage Assessment Using Ultrasonic Wave Velocities and Changes in Elastic Modulus 

Figure 8 | Experimental Investigation of Sandstone under Cyclic Loading: Damage Assessment Using Ultrasonic Wave Velocities and Changes in Elastic Modulus 