Vibration-Based, Nondestructive Methodology for Detecting Multiple Cracks in Bending-Torsion Coupled Laminated Composite Beams

<div>Three fundamental modes of a crack. (a) Mode I: opening of the crack (extension). (b) Mode II: sliding of the crack (shearing). (c) Mode III: tearing of the crack (twisting).</div>

Shock and Vibration

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Figure 3

Figure 3: Vibration-Based, Nondestructive Methodology for Detecting Multiple Cracks in Bending-Torsion Coupled Laminated Composite Beams 