A Two-Step Composite Time Integration Scheme for Vehicle-Track Interaction Analysis considering Contact Separation

Figure 6

Responses of the vehicle-track system without irregularity: (a) acceleration of the track; (b) acceleration of the wheel; (c) the maximum error of the displacement of the wheel and the displacement at the midpoint of the track and wheel-rail force; (d) the calculation time using the NML, APL, and two-step method.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)