Actuator Fault Estimation for Vehicle Active Suspensions Based on Adaptive Observer and Genetic Algorithm

Table 5

Estimation results for different faults.

Constant gain change	(%)	Drift	(%)	Stuck	(%)
	0.0573		0.0015		0.0523
	0.0531		0.0015		0.0436
	0.0427		0.0016		0.0429