Effect of Surface Hardening on Dynamic Frictional Rolling Contact Behavior and Degradation of Corrugated Rail

Figure 18

Field of shear strain on the rail: (a) yz strain with nonhardening material; (b) yz strain with hardening material; (c) xz strain with nonhardening material; (d) xz strain with hardening material.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)