Adaptability of Turbulence Models for Pantograph Aerodynamic Noise Simulation

Figure 9

Geometric structure of the pantograph. 1: the arm knuckle, 2: the bottom frame, 3: the base, 4: horn 1, 5: horn 2, 6: horn support 1, 7: horn support 2, 8: the panhead, 9: panhead knuckle 1, 10: panhead knuckle 2, 11: panhead support 1, 12: panhead support 2, 13: the rod insulator, 14: supporting insulator 1, 15: supporting insulator 2, 16: the rod, 17: the balance rod, 18: the balance beam, 19: the upper arm frame, 20: the push/pull shaft, 21: the lower arm, 22: supporting frame 1, and 23: supporting frame 2.