Adaptability of Turbulence Models for Pantograph Aerodynamic Noise Simulation

Table 1

SPL and peak Strouhal number of the five models at 128 d far-right position over the cylinder.

	TEST	LES	SAS	IDDES sst-kw	DDES sst-kw	DDES R-kε
SPL (dB)	100.00	100.66	98.38	92.17	96.17	87.95
Relative error of SPL (%)	—	0.66	1.62	7.83	3.83	12.05
Stmax	0.200	0.196	0.217	0.211	0.223	0.302
Relative error of Stmax (%)	—	2.0	8.5	5.5	11.5	51.0