Pseudodynamic Testing of Buildings Retrofitted with External Steel Reinforced Concrete Frames to Increase Lateral Strength for Earthquake Damage Prevention

<table class="table-group" id="tab5"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Specimen</td><td class="align_center">Load direction</td><td class="align_center">Ultimate shear strength <svg height="11.927pt" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 12.9993 11.927" width="12.9993pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M697 650H468L461 623L492 619C539 613 547 605 518 546C481 471 367 264 278 116H276C239 278 197 500 186 567C180 604 185 613 226 619L252 623L260 650H24L17 623C78 617 92 613 108 533L216 -11H247C365 200 515 462 560 529C616 612 624 615 689 623L697 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.332,3.132)"><path d="M528 97L513 125C484 95 440 68 431 68C425 68 421 76 427 107C449 227 476 342 505 451H495L418 424L385 278C338 191 220 62 157 62C145 62 133 76 145 130L200 368C215 434 210 451 183 451C157 451 92 418 24 352L37 324C78 356 106 377 115 377C123 377 122 364 116 340L64 115C58 89 56 68 56 52C56 2 78 -12 103 -12C127 -12 159 -4 190 18C247 59 309 113 366 187H368L351 108C328 1 348 -12 368 -12C403 -12 472 33 528 97Z"></path></g></svg> (kN)</td><td class="align_center">Displacement at the ultimate point Δ<sub><i>u</i></sub> (mm)</td><td class="align_center">Failure mode at the ultimate state</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" rowspan="2">C-RC</td><td class="align_center">Positive</td><td class="align_center">311</td><td class="align_center">19.5</td><td class="align_center" rowspan="2">Shear failure</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center">Negative</td><td class="align_center">–282</td><td class="align_center">–18.0</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Mechanical characterization of the control C-RC specimen during the cyclic loading test.</div>

Shock and Vibration

tab5

Table 5

Table 5: Pseudodynamic Testing of Buildings Retrofitted with External Steel Reinforced Concrete Frames to Increase Lateral Strength for Earthquake Damage Prevention 

Table 5 | Pseudodynamic Testing of Buildings Retrofitted with External Steel Reinforced Concrete Frames to Increase Lateral Strength for Earthquake Damage Prevention 