Research Article
A Hybrid Approach Calculating Lateral Spreading Induced by Seismic Liquefaction
Table 5
Soil parameters of the UBC3D-PLM model [
50].
| | Soil layers | Symbol | Silty sand-1 | Silty sand-2 |
| | Thickness (m) | | 1.0 | 2.7 | | Young’s modulus (kN/m2) | Eref | 7.28e4 | 7.28e4 | | Poisson’s ratio | | 0.3 | 0.3 | | Unsaturated unit weight (kN/m3) | γusta | 19.7 | 19.7 | | Saturated unit weight (kN/m3) | γsat | 21.8 | 21.8 | | Void ratio | e | 0.74 | 0.74 | | Constant volume friction angle (degrees) | | 22.0 | 22.0 | | Peak friction angle (degrees) | | 22.8 | 23.1 | | Cohesion (kPa) | C | 0 | 0 | | Elastic shear modulus | | 864.6 | 954.1 | | Plastic shear modulus | | 250.0 | 424.7 | | Elastic bulk modulus | | 598.2 | 667.9 | | Elastic shear modulus index | | 0.5 | 0.5 | | Plastic shear modulus index | | 0.5 | 0.5 | | Elastic bulk modulus index | | 0.5 | 0.5 | | Failure ratio | | 0.811 | 0.771 | | Atmospheric pressure (kPa) | | 100 | 100 | | Tension cutoff (kPa) | | 0 | 0 | | Densification factor | | 0.45 | 0.45 | | SPT value | | 7.65 | 10.65 | | Post liquefaction factor | fEpost | 0.2 | 0.2 | | Permeability (m/s) | K | 5.0e − 7 | 2.0e − 8 | | Tangent stiffness for oedometer (kPa) | | 98000 | 98000 | | Dilatancy angle | Ψ | 19.0 | 18.0 |
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