Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Adaptive Multiparameter-Adjusting Bistable Stochastic Resonance

<div>(a) Optimal <svg height="12.0262pt" id="M206" style="vertical-align:-3.272861pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.75334 36.5092 12.0262" width="36.5092pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M409 504C401 567 396 607 392 642C354 654 312 665 266 665C137 665 60 583 60 487C60 374 161 325 225 290C300 250 355 215 355 141C355 68 311 21 235 21C131 21 86 122 71 183L41 176C48 128 61 42 68 21C78 16 93 8 118 0C142 -7 175 -15 216 -15C349 -15 438 69 438 174C438 287 344 333 265 374C186 414 138 449 138 522C138 576 172 631 249 631C336 631 363 562 380 499L409 504Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.005,0)"><path d="M719 650H483V622C553 619 576 606 581 560C585 532 588 487 588 394V148H585L167 650H20V622C67 618 88 610 109 585C127 562 129 557 129 484V264C129 173 126 124 123 93C118 44 92 31 35 28V0H272V28C204 32 181 44 176 95C173 124 170 172 170 264V515H172L598 -9H629V394C629 487 631 532 635 563C639 606 663 619 719 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.664,0)"><path d="M631 18C609 24 585 35 559 65C534 91 514 117 478 169C448 214 406 281 389 313C462 346 516 399 516 485C516 545 490 590 449 616C412 641 363 650 290 650H42V622C120 615 128 612 128 527V125C128 40 120 34 38 28V0H300V28C221 34 212 40 212 125V284H244C295 284 312 272 329 244C359 195 395 133 430 84C475 19 516 -3 592 -7C603 -8 615 -8 627 -8L631 18ZM212 316V563C212 591 215 602 223 607C231 613 248 617 277 617C352 617 423 577 423 469C423 415 407 375 368 345C343 324 310 316 260 316H212Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,23.827,3.132)"><path d="M257 449C165 449 37 374 37 209C37 98 119 -12 256 -12C355 -12 473 65 473 226C473 349 381 449 257 449ZM244 416C333 416 380 320 380 204C380 67 329 21 267 21C184 21 130 115 130 241C130 354 184 416 244 416Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,28.368,3.132)"><path d="M518 50L491 51C452 54 444 60 444 110V444C429 441 405 437 377 434C348 430 314 427 287 426V403L323 397C356 392 365 386 365 333V99C331 66 293 51 257 51C212 51 169 75 169 164V299C169 366 169 413 172 444C156 441 128 437 101 433C75 430 50 427 29 426V403L57 397C82 391 90 386 90 333V137C90 29 147 -12 214 -12C241 -12 262 -4 291 13S342 48 365 65V-6L371 -12C390 -7 415 1 441 8C468 15 496 21 518 24V50Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,33.09,3.132)"><path d="M298 36L289 62C276 55 253 45 228 45C202 45 169 60 169 141V397H276C289 405 292 426 282 437H169V574L155 576L90 509V437H45L17 408L21 397H90V107C90 28 125 -12 188 -12C198 -12 213 -8 230 1L298 36Z"></path></g></svg> and (b) iteration time in 8 random optimizations with different <span class="nowrap"><svg height="14.1101pt" id="M207" style="vertical-align:-5.4742pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 16.1505 14.1101" width="16.1505pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M822 650H589L583 622C660 617 677 607 674 561C672 534 664 481 647 390L600 137H596L273 650H126L120 622C176 620 194 615 207 594C221 571 225 557 214 504L161 257C141 166 129 112 121 85C108 42 83 30 29 28L23 0H260L266 28C193 33 173 42 176 89C178 122 186 172 202 255L256 527H259L583 -8H612L690 390C708 481 720 535 728 558C744 603 756 619 816 622L822 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.062,3.132)"><path d="M573 302C573 402 527 451 414 451C386 451 343 446 313 437L330 513L320 522C295 508 261 484 243 463L230 415C194 400 159 383 126 359L131 330C159 344 187 357 222 368L109 -147C96 -204 80 -214 18 -223L13 -255L256 -244L259 -212L236 -210C184 -205 180 -195 191 -141L219 -1C240 -10 268 -12 284 -12C352 4 431 48 484 104C543 166 573 240 573 302ZM481 290C481 165 381 37 305 37C280 37 249 56 235 71L302 395C328 399 353 402 372 402C427 402 481 378 481 290Z"></path></g></svg>.</span></div>

Shock and Vibration

fig6

Figure 6

Figure 6: Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Adaptive Multiparameter-Adjusting Bistable Stochastic Resonance 