High-Efficiency Dynamic Modeling of a Helical Spring Element Based on the Geometrically Exact Beam Theory

Table 7

Geometrical properties and material properties of the variable pitch spring.

Properties	Young’s modulus	Poisson coefficient	Density	Wire diameter (m)	Active coil number	Pitch (m)
	2.10 × 10^11 Pa	0.3	7800 kg/m^3	0.004	6	0.0115