Pipeline Performances under Earthquake-Induced Soil Liquefaction: State of the Art on Real Observations, Model Tests, and Numerical Simulations

Table 4

Pipe vertical displacements summary (extracted from [34]).

Shaking step (No.)
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Base acceleration amplitude (g)
	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.8
#	Vertical displacement (mm) (−, uplift; +, settlement)
1	0.3	−1.8	−10.5	−6.6	−4.7	−7.6	−6.2	−5.1	−1.5	−2.5	−0.7	4.0
2	1.0	−1.0	−3.8	−1.1	−0.6	−2.3	−0.7	−0.4	−0.1	0.1	0.1	2.2
3	0.9	0.7	2.7	4.0	4.0	4.2	3.1	2.2	0.9	0.5	0.0	0.3