A Unified Analysis for the Free Vibration of the Sandwich Piezoelectric Laminated Beam with General Boundary Conditions under the Thermal Environment

<div>Variations of the frequency parameter Ω versus boundary conditions and elastic modulus under different temperature rises for a sandwich laminated beam (PZT-5A/material-C/PZT-5A, material-C, E = open, α1 = 23.2 × 10−6/K). (a) C-C. (b) S-S. (c) Ea-Eb. (d) Ea-Ea.</div>

Shock and Vibration

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Figure 5

Figure 5: A Unified Analysis for the Free Vibration of the Sandwich Piezoelectric Laminated Beam with General Boundary Conditions under the Thermal Environment 

Figure 5 | A Unified Analysis for the Free Vibration of the Sandwich Piezoelectric Laminated Beam with General Boundary Conditions under the Thermal Environment 