Dynamic Response of Parallel Overlapped Tunnel under Seismic Loading by Shaking Table Tests

Figure 10

Damage of the tunnel lining. The strain gauge is tensioned as positive and compression is negative. (a) The outer surface of the upper-span tunnel. (b) The inner surface of the upper-span tunnel. (c) The outer surface of the under-crossing tunnel. (d) The inner surface of the under-crossing tunnel.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)