Performance Assessment of Shockwaves of Chute Spillways in Large Dams

Table 1

The shockwaves’ flow characteristic for two middle gates’ operations.

Type	Opening	Wave type	Fro	Q (lit/s)	Hm (cm)	Xi (cm)	Xm (cm)	L (cm)	α (degree)	Bm (cm)
a	100%	1	2.05	91.2	9.6	5	22	47	32.42	12.5
		2			10.5	309	338	53	—	—
		3			8.6	525	543	34	—	—
b	60%	1	2.47	60.6	8.5	6	27	64	28.37	11.68
		2			9	336	370	60	—	—
		3			7.5	536	556	38	—	—
c	30%	1	3.07	44.4	6	7	31	83	25.61	11.01
		2				7	370	400	67	—	—
		3				6	542	568	42	—	—