Failure Mechanism and Control of Lower Retracement Channel in Close-Distance Double-Thick Coal Seams

<div>Deformation and damage of N0481 retracement channel. (a) Coal rib spalling and roof falling. (b) Roof subsidence and supporting structure damage.</div>

Shock and Vibration

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: Failure Mechanism and Control of Lower Retracement Channel in Close-Distance Double-Thick Coal Seams 