Dynamic Response of Graphitic Targets with Tantalum Cores Impacted by Pulsed 440-GeV Proton Beams

Table 1

Overview of target materials. The first column denotes the position of the target along the beam direction (cf. Figure 2(b)). In the second column, μm values for polycrystalline graphites (PG) denote the particle size according to the manufacturer. The flexural strength is determined in three-point bending geometry. ∥/⊥ denotes the respective flexural strength parallel and perpendicular to the fiber-reinforcement plane of carbon fiber reinforced graphite (CFC). The third value for #7 Sepcarb indicates the tensile strength of its graphite matrix. Peak energy deposition values are calculated using FLUKA and represent the peak transversal energy deposition density per primary 440 GeV proton in the tantalum core averaged over the sample length (cf. Figure 3(a)).

#	Target material	Density (g·cm^−3)	Flexural strength (MPa)	Peak energy deposition in Ta core (10^−10 J·cm^−3·p^−1)
1	SGL R6650 (PG, 7 μm)	1.84	67	1.7
2	SGL R6300 (PG, 20 μm)	1.73	51	5.5
3	POCO ZEE (PG, 1 μm)	1.77	146	12.9
4	SGL premium PyC (pyrolized 2D-CFC)	1.59	∥: 123; ⊥: 290	20.7
5	SGL premium (2D CFC)	1.55	∥: 106; ⊥: 225	26.1
6	SGL R6650 (PG, 7 μm)	1.84	67	28.5
7	ArianeGroup sepcarb (3D CFC)	1.5	∥: 145; ⊥: 186; 17	29.1
8	Ø 7 mm SGL sigraflex (EG)	1	—	28.8
	Ø 10 mm sepcarb (3D-CFC)	1.5	—	27.9
9	SGL sigraflex (expanded graphite)	1	—
10	POCO FOAM (graphitic foam)	0.5	3	26.9

Target #8 comprised two surrounding graphites with the given dimensions.