Effect of Near-Fault Pulsed Ground Motions on Seismic Response and Seismic Performance to Tunnel Structures

Figure 4

Relative deformation of the tunnel structure under different action of ground motions. (a) The relative deformation rate of the vault-arch bottom of the tunnel structure. (b) The relative deformation rate of the sidewalls on both sides of the tunnel structure. (c) The comparison of the relative deformation of the vault-arch bottom and the sidewalls on both sides.

(a)

(b)

(c)