Effect of Near-Fault Pulsed Ground Motions on Seismic Response and Seismic Performance to Tunnel Structures

Table 8

Failure probabilities under fortification standards responding to different ground motions.

Ground motions	Fortification standards	Failure probability (%)
		Intact	Slightly damaged	Moderately damaged	Severely damaged
Near-fault pulsed ground motions	VIII frequent	44.99	45.89	3.53	5.59
	VIII basis	1.07	33.25	7.98	57.70
	VIII rare	0.02	8.11	3.10	88.77
	VIII extremely rare	0.00	1.76	0.62	97.62
Far-field ground motions	VIII frequent	65.04	33.36	1.26	0.34
	VIII basis	1.21	44.40	13.07	41.32
	VIII rare	0.01	8.08	3.37	88.54
	VIII extremely rare	0.00	2.62	1.19	96.19