A Simplified Method for Predicting Tunneling-Induced Ground Movement considering Nonuniform Deformation Boundary

Figure 5

Measured and analytical ground surface settlement. (a) Urumqi City Metro Line 1 Tunnel in China; (b) Heathrow Express Trial Tunnel in London; (c) Barcelona Subway Tunnel in Spain; (d) Liu Yanghe Tunnel in China.

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(b)

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