A Simplified Method for Predicting Tunneling-Induced Ground Movement considering Nonuniform Deformation Boundary

Table 1

Calculation parameters of case studies [6, 29, 35–37].

Tunnel name	Urumqi City Metro Line 1, Xinjiang	Heathrow Express Trial Tunnel, London	Barcelona Subway Tunnel, Spain	Liu Yanghe Tunnel DK1569 + 300, Changsha	Pushan Subway 1^st Line, South Korea
Strata condition	Soft soil with thickness of 5–15 m	0–2 m fill ground, 2–4 m terrace gravel, >4 m stiff London clay	Red and brown clay with some gravel	Grade V surrounding strata with gravel	Sandy clay with gravel and silty sand
Tunnel depth H (m)	8.1	19	10	20	16
Main axis A (m)	6.39	4.25	4	4	5
Minor axis B (m)	4.6	4.25	4	3	3
Smax (mm)	60.8	40	25	37	6.20
G (mm)	38	58	31	81	29
tanβ	0.75	0.929	0.82	0.84	0.8
Construction method	Undercutting method	Open Shield	Shield	Benching Tunneling Method	NATM