Strength Distribution and Damage Constitutive Model of Frozen Sand under Rate-Dependent Evolution

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Parameters</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 12.9379ptpx;"><svg height="11.927pt" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 12.9379 11.927" width="12.9379pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M673 297H417L411 270C517 261 522 258 506 183L487 92C476 38 428 19 360 19C207 19 123 132 123 287C123 472 243 631 441 631C557 631 617 583 617 469L647 472C650 545 655 604 658 632C625 643 554 666 467 666C201 666 23 502 23 278C23 90 156 -16 339 -16C410 -16 501 6 569 24C566 43 567 70 573 101L589 183C604 259 607 262 667 271L673 297Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.827,3.132)"><path d="M357 391C357 416 325 451 270 451C241 451 179 431 146 400C109 365 97 334 97 307C97 248 143 213 196 180C250 146 261 123 261 101C261 75 237 40 190 40C153 40 110 72 86 109C81 116 68 119 55 112C37 102 24 87 24 66C24 30 85 -12 137 -12C229 -12 331 62 331 140C331 189 304 218 236 260C197 284 164 309 164 346C164 381 194 400 220 400C259 400 282 380 304 350C310 342 321 339 330 344C347 353 357 372 357 391Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 15.9809ptpx;"><svg height="11.927pt" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 15.9809 11.927" width="15.9809pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.619,3.132)"><path d="M757 650H506L497 618C579 615 596 608 596 570S591 477 571 380L560 327C516 117 435 41 309 41C199 41 108 114 144 303L187 529C202 609 208 612 291 618L296 650H30L24 618C109 612 113 606 99 529L58 299C33 161 62 83 113 41C161 0 222 -17 283 -17C348 -17 417 3 470 48C546 111 584 203 603 311L615 380C631 474 647 531 658 567C667 599 672 616 750 618L757 650Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><i>C</i><sub><i>C</i></sub></td><td class="align_center"><i>e</i><sub>0</sub></td><td class="align_center"><i>D</i><sub><i>r</i></sub></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Value</td><td class="align_center">2.64</td><td class="align_center">1.46</td><td class="align_center">1.00</td><td class="align_center">0.65</td><td class="align_center">0.33</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="6"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>The physical properties of the samples.</div>

Shock and Vibration

tab1

Table 1

Table 1: Strength Distribution and Damage Constitutive Model of Frozen Sand under Rate-Dependent Evolution 