Prediction of Blasting Fragmentation Based on GWO-ELM

Table 2

Model comparison of predictive values and measured values of average size of blasting block X₅₀.

Sample sequence	Measured values	Predictive value			Absolute error			Relative error
		GWO-ELM	PSO-ELM	ELM	GWO-ELM	PSO-ELM	ELM	GWO-ELM (%)	PSO-ELM	ELM
16	0.71	0.71	0.68	0.66	0	0.03	0.05	0	4.23%	7.35%
17	0.49	0.47	0.54	0.42	0.02	0.05	0.07	4.08	10.64%	12.96%
18	0.46	0.47	0.48	0.39	0.01	0.02	0.07	2.17	4.26%	14.58%
19	0.76	0.77	0.8	0.67	0.01	0.04	0.09	1.32	5.19%	11.25%
20	0.74	0.75	0.72	0.8	0.01	0.02	0.06	1.35	2.67%	8.33%
Min	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0.02	0.05	0	2.67%	7.35%
Max	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.02	0.05	0.09	4.08	10.64%	14.58%
Mean	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.01	0.032	0.068	1.78	5.40%	10.90%
RMSE	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.007	0.022	0.045	N/A	N/A	N/A