Adoption of Biosecurity Practices in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Ethiopia
Table 5
Results of generalised linear models of adopted external and internal biosecurity measures scores.
Weighted external biosecurity score
Weighted internal biosecurity score
Coefficient (SE)
p-Value
Coefficient (SE)
p-Value
(Intercept)
47.9 (6.09)
<0.001
54.1 (5.02)
<0.001
Farm owner education—primary school
4.07 (4.00)
0.31
5.04 (3.30)
0.13
Farm owner education—secondary school
5.63 (3.97)
0.16
6.67 (3.27)
0.04
Farm owner education—tertiary school
9.08 (4.16)
0.03
10.7 (3.43)
<0.001
Marketing value chain—informal
1.86 (2.26)
0.41
0.68 (1.86)
0.72
Marketing value chain—formal
−1.58 (3.51)
0.65
0.84 (2.89)
0.77
Marketing value chain—both formal and informal VC
2.95 (3.44)
0.39
9.16 (2.83)
<0.001
Farmer has additional income
−4.22 (1.97)
0.03
−3.53 (1.62)
0.03
Adult males labour
0.22 (0.19)
0.25
0.40 (0.16)
0.01
Number of calves
0.62 (0.22)
0.01
0.20 (0.18)
0.28
Cattle breed—crosses with exotic breed
−7.95 (2.23)
<0.001
−10.18 (1.84)
<0.001
Cattle breed—local breeds
−19.3 (4.38)
<0.001
−9.99 (3.61)
<0.001
Herd had a disease last 2 years
−4.21 (2.01)
0.04
−5.30 (1.66)
<0.001
Trusts government interventions
−10.4 (3.67)
−4.86 (3.03)
0.11
Trust information from other farmers
8.74 (2.63)
<0.001
3.15 (2.17)
0.15
Vet uses PPE visiting your farms
4.51 (2.48)
0.07
5.55 (2.05)
0.01
Multiple R2
0.4089
0.4928
Adjusted R2
0.3464
0.4392
Note. Base, farm owner education—no education; marketing value chain—subsistence; cattle breed—exotic breed. VC, value chain; SE, standard error. ,,. Bold values signify the significant results.
