Butler, Blicharski and Hu found a rotated cube recrystallization texture after annealing an aluminum
crystal with the (112)<mml:math id="E1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>[</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mn>11</mml:mn><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00AF;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>]</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> and (112)<mml:math id="E2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>[</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00AF;</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00AF;</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>]</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> deformation texture, which was obtained by plane strain
compressing the aluminum single crystal with an initial orientation of (001)[110]. The unexplained
formation of the rotated recrystallization has been discussed based on a recrystallization model
recently suggested by the present author.

Dong Nyung Lee

Recrystallization Texture of Plane Strain Compressed Aluminum Single Crystal

The microtexture of superplastically deformed 8090 Al-Li sheet has been measured using electron backscatter
diffraction, for true strains of 0, 0.25, 0.75, 1.5 and 2.4. The data has been interpreted in terms of individual texture variants, grain boundary types (low angle or high angle) and grain junction types (I-lines or U-lines, as defined by an extension to the O-lattice theory). A key feature of the results is that local textures tend to be dominated by only one or perhaps two orientation variants, which leads directly to the presence of a high proportion of low or medium angle boundaries and hence a high proportion of I-line grain junction types. These effects decrease with increasing superplastic strain. Since it has been previously suggested that the presence of I-lines indicates dislocation-related phenomena,
and the presence of U-line grain junction types denotes diffusion-related phenomena, the proportion of each of these provides as indication of the predominant accommodation mechanism.

Valerie Randle

Simon G. Lewis

Microtexture, Grain Boundary and Grain Junction Evolution in Al-Li Sheet During Superplastic Forming

An SEM heating stage which enables microstructural and crystallographic information to be determined
as a deformed specimen is annealed, is described and the application of the technique to recovery,
recrystallization and grain growth in aluminium alloys is discussed. It is shown that the development
of the recrystallized microstructure and the growth of grains during recrystallization are similar to those
occurring in the interior of a specimen. However, the presence of a free surface influences several aspects
of annealing, including recovery and grain growth. It is found that annealing twins are formed more
frequently at a free surface than in the specimen interior, and the significance of this result is discussed.

F. J. Humphreys

M. Ferry

I. Brough

C. P. Johnson

Combined in Situ Sem Annealing and Ebsd of Deformed Materials

Relationships between structure-sensitive macroscopic properties and the grain boundary network are known to depend upon the intrinsic variability of the local physico-chemical properties of the boundaries and upon how these are distributed and connected in the network. Progress towards acquiring a data base linking the local properties of grain boundaries with their geometrical character (lattice misorientation and inclination) has been hampered by the rate at which grain boundary structure can be experimentally determined, by the opacity of polycrystalline materials, and by the very large number of physically distinctive (geometrical) characteristics of grain boundaries which occur in nature.Described in this paper is a perspective on modern opportunities to solve the comprehensive inverse problem relating the thermodynamic properties of grain boundaries to their geometrical type over the full (five-parameter) fundamental zone. The advent of rapid, automated measurements of local lattice orientation (orientation imaging microscopy), when coupled with precision serial sectioning, makes it feasible now to characterize the local crystallographic and geometrical features of very large numbers of grain boundaries and triple junctions. Such data can be analyzed within a classical framework in order to extract the thermodynamic properties mapping. This paper examines the opportunities and challenges associated with the requisite measurements and analysis.This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor Hsun Hu, whose kind encouragement and penetrating insight has inspired and lifted a generation of young scientists.

Brent L. Adams

Mapping the Grain-Boundary Character-(Free) Energy Linkage in Polycrystalline Materials

The reasons for changes in the type of the recrystallizatioin texture depending on particular annealing
conditions of a deformed single crystal (110)[001] are discussed. It is shown that recrystallization centers
(210)-(310)[001] can be formed at structural inhomogeneities of different type, such as transition bands,
kink bands, and twin boundaries. The development of the texture component (210)-(310)[001] in
deformed single crystals subject to slow heating is due mainly to the orientation dependence of the
critical dimension of nuclei.

B. K. Sokolov

A. K. Sbitnev

V. V. Gubernatorov

I. V. Gervasyeva

L. R. Vladimirov

On the Influence of the Annealing Heating Rate on the Recrystallization
Texture of a Deformed Single Crystal
(110)[001] of 3&#x25; Silicon Iron

Very sharp deformation textures, with single maxima of more than 50x random centred on the rotated
cube component (&#x7B;001&#x7D;&#x3C;110&#x3E;), were produced by submitting a non-oriented electrical steel sheet to various sequences of cross-rolling. The cold rolled sheets were subsequently annealed at 730&#xBA;C for 3 min. The resulting recrystallization textures were much weaker than the cold rolling textures, displaying
maxima of about 5x random at locations some distance away from the &#x7B;001&#x7D;&#x3C;110&#x3E; cross rolling
component.Due to the very sharp character of the rolling texture, the conventional low and high stored energy
nucleation mechanisms were effectively prevented from operating. Thus orientation selection could only
take place by the selective growth of nuclei external to the dominant rolling component. Quantitative
analysis of the experimental ODFs revealed that the rolling and recrystallization components are related
by &#x3A3;27 (31.6&#xBA;&#x3C;110&#x3E;) and &#x3A3;7c (38.2&#xBA;&#x3C;111&#x3E;) coincidence site lattice (CSL) orientation relations.
Simulations of the annealing texture on the basis of random nucleation and combined &#x3A3;27-&#x3A3;7c selective
growth produced reasonable agreement between the predictions and the experimental results.

L. Kestens

J. J. Jonas

P. van Houtte

E. Aernoudt

Orientation Selection During Static Recrystallization of Cross Rolled Non-Oriented Electrical Steels

In the present work, a simple model is described for the prediction of fcc-to-bcc transformation textures.
It employs a discrete distribution of orientations and is based on the Kurdjumov-Sachs relationship for
the <mml:math id="E1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>&#x03B3;</mml:mi></mml:math>-to-<mml:math id="E2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>&#x03B1;</mml:mi></mml:math> transformation. An important feature of the model involves the variant selection rule, which
assumes that nucleation is favoured according to a slip system based variant selection criterion.
Subsequent selective growth involves a transformation work rule based on the Bain strains and the
presence of an internal stress field. The transformation texture predicted from an experimental 95&#x25;
cold rolled Ni-30wt&#x25;Co alloy texture is compared to experimental martensite textures for both a Nb-microalloyed
steel and a Fe-30&#x25;Ni alloy. The predicted texture displays better agreement with the steel
data.

C. S. Da Costa Viana

M. P. Butron-Guillen

A Variant Selection Model for the Prediction of Fcc-To-Bcc Transformation Textures

A method is described that can be used for determining the retained austenite concentration in steel samples that have texture. The method is based on symmetrized harmonics expansion for the representation of the orientation distribution of the crystallites in the sample and it presumes the use of specimen spinner on the data collection.For demonstrating the application of this method integrated intensities of seven reflections from three steel samples with different degree of texture is measured using CuK&#x3B1; radiation and the retained austenite concentration is determined.

Matti J&#xE4;rvinen

Texture Effect in X-Ray Analysis of Retained Austenite in Steels

The effect of warm/hot rolling temperature on the microstructure and texture of a commercial grade
3004 alloy has been examined for material solution treated at two different temperatures (580&#xB0; and
400&#x2103;). The first of these would be expected to maximise the solute concentration and particle spacing
while the second should result in a dispersion of fine particles. Microstructural heterogeneity was not
observed in material rolled to 75&#x25; reduction in a single pass at temperatures &#x3E; 400&#x2103;. This is reflected
in the textures where the ODF&#x27;s are flat and the &#x3B2; fibre weak and uniform. In material rolled after
being re-heated to 200&#x2103; and 300&#x2103; heterogeneity and banded microstructures were observed. This was
less marked for specimens solution treated at 400&#x2103;. Shear bands formed only in material solution treated
at 580&#x2103;. A strong C component was found only in the texture of specimens solution treated at 400&#x2103;
and rolled at 200&#x2103; and 300&#x2103;. These effects are believed to have their origin in differences in the
extent of dynamic recovery.

G. O. Schumann

A. Crosky

M. Hatherly

The Microstructure and Texture of Warm Rolled 3004 Aluminium

In order to simulate adequately the formability of sheet, it is necessary to generate a yield criterion
that takes into account the anisotropy of the crystallographic texture. This yield function must be in
a form that can be used easily in finite element analysis. In addition, the formulation should allow the
possibility to update the yield surface during simulation to take into account the texture evolution. This
work investigates the use of a sixth-order strain rate potential that, when differentiated with respect
to the strain rate, gives the components of stress. A method is given to solve the non-convexity problems
that can arise when the proposed analytical sixth-order function is used. Examples are given for one
cold rolled and one annealed aluminium sheet.

Jean Savoie

Stuart R. MacEwen

A Sixth Order Inverse Potential
Function for Incorporation of
Crystallographic Texture Into
Predictions of Properties of
Aluminium Sheet

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