Parent Engagement in Youth Drug Prevention in Chinese Families: Advancement in Program Development and Evaluation

Table 1

Core components of the 3-level parent education program.

		Core components
		Parents of general youths (GenP)	Parents of at-risk youths (RiskP)	Parents with history of drug use (DrugP)
Enhancement of communication ability	Basic	(1) Authoritarian parenting style; (2) Youth culture; (3) Communication skills; (4) Skills to develop good behavior of teens	(1) Authoritarian parenting style; (2) Youth culture; (3) Communication skills; (4) Skills to develop good behavior of teens	(1) Authoritarian parenting style; (2) Youth culture; (3) Communication skills; (4) Skills to develop good behavior of teens
	Advanced	—	(1) Skills to reinforce good behaviors; (2) Skills to make win-win behavioral contract; (3) Skills to manage problem behavior; (4) Skills to handle conflict	—
Enhancement of preventing youth drug abuse	Basic	(1) Developmental needs of youths and relationship with deviant behaviors; (2) Family protective factors; (3) Drug abuse among youths in Hong Kong; (4) Skills to have early identification of youth drug use; (5) Community resources and help seeking	(1) Developmental needs of youths and its relationship with deviant behaviors; (2) Family protective factors; (3) Drug abuse among youths in Hong Kong; (4) Skills to have early identification of youth drug use; (5) Community resources and help seeking	(1) Developmental needs of youths and its relationship with deviant behaviors; (2) Family protective factors; (3) Drug abuse among youths in Hong Kong; (4) Skills to have early identification of youth drug use; (5) Community resources and help seeking
Enhancement of emotion management	Advanced	—	(1) Effect of emotion on parenting; (2) Skills to handle stress and emotion	(1) Effect of emotion on parenting; (2) Skills to handle stress and emotion
Prevention of intergenerational drug abuse	Advanced	—	—	(1) Effect of parents’ drug use on children; (2) Skills to prevent intergenerational drug abuse