The Scientific World Journal

Research Article

Insomnia in Pregnancy and Factors Related to Insomnia

Table 3

The distribution of Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia scale scores according to some characteristics of the participants.
AgeWHIIRS 𝑋 ± SDTest and significance
 <20 7 . 0 ± 4 . 4 3 𝑡 ∶ − 2 . 7 3 4
 ≥20 8 . 4 ± 5 . 0 6 𝑃 ∶ 0 . 0 0 6
Education level
 Illiterate/literate/primary school 8 . 6 ± 4 . 9 9 𝑡 ∶ 2 . 0 4 9
 High school/university 7 . 7 ± 4 . 9 2 𝑃 ∶ 0 . 0 4 1
Gestational trimester
 First 6 . 4 ± 5 . 1 4 𝐹 ∶ 1 6 . 1 1 2
 Second 6 . 8 ± 4 . 4 1 𝑃 ∶ 0 . 0 0 1
 *Third 9 . 2 ± 4 . 9 5
&BDI score
 ≥17 1 0 . 7 ± 5 . 0 9 𝑡 ∶ 6 . 8 4 0
 <17 7 . 3 ± 4 . 6 3 𝑃 ∶ 0 . 0 0 1
Used medicine
 Present 8 . 6 ± 4 . 8 5 𝑡 ∶ 2 . 5 2 9
 Not present 7 . 5 ± 5 . 0 6 𝑃 ∶ 0 . 0 1 2
Smoking in pregnancy
 Yes 8 . 1 ± 5 . 0 𝐹 ∶ 0 . 8 4 6
 No 7 . 9 ± 3 . 7 3 𝑃 ∶ 0 . 4 3 0
 Quitting smoking in pregnancy 9 . 8 ± 5 . 3 8
Drinking coffee/coffee cup
 No 8 . 2 ± 4 . 9 𝐹 ∶ 0 . 4 0 4
 1 7 . 7 ± 4 . 9 𝑃 ∶ 0 . 6 6 8
 ≥2 8 . 6 ± 5 . 7
Drinking tea/glass
 No 8 . 4 ± 5 . 3 6 𝐹 ∶ 2 . 0 4 5
 1 6 . 9 ± 5 . 0 3 𝑃 ∶ 0 . 1 3 0
 ≥2 8 . 3 ± 4 . 9 0
+BMI (Kg/m2)
 <25 7 . 4 ± 4 . 7 3 𝑡 ∶ − 2 . 6 0 3
 ≥25 8 . 6 ± 5 . 0 8 𝑃 ∶ 0 . 0 1
Total 8 . 1 ± 4 . 9 7
*The group making difference.
𝑡 : Student 𝑡 test.
𝐹 : one-way ANOVA test.
&BDI: Beck Depression Inventory.
+BMI: Body Mass Index.