A Chinese Chan-Based Mind-Body Intervention Improves Sleep on Patients with Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 3

Total sleep time (hours) at pre- and post-treatment.

	Pre-treatment	Post-treatment	Post minus Pre Difference	t	𝑃	Effect size
Whole group
WL (𝑛=15)	6.23 (2.47)	5.57 (2.37)	0.67 (1.93)	1.34	0.10	0.35
CBT (𝑛=17)	6.68 (1.88)	6.65 (2.21)	−0.03(1.397)	0.09	0.47	0.02
DMBI (𝑛=17)	6.21 (2.05)	7.00 (2.54)	0.79(1.64)	−2.00	0.03^∗	0.48^+
Subgroup
WL (𝑛=7)	4.14 (1.07)	4.36 (1.49)	0.21(1.15)	−0.49	0.32	0.19
CBT (𝑛=5)	4.60 (0.82)	4.30 (1.15)	−0.30(1.04)	0.65	0.28	0.29
DMBI (𝑛=6)	4.08 (1.24)	5.17 (0.68)	1.08 (1.36)	−1.96	0.05^∗	0.80^++

Note.WL: waitlist control; CBT: cognitive-behavioural therapy; DMBI: Dejian mind-body intervention. Subgroup included participants who totally slept for <6 hours/night at baseline. Standard deviations are in parentheses. *𝑃 ≤ 0.05, ⁺medium effect size, ⁺⁺large effect size.