Endoparasite Infections in Pet and Zoo Birds in Italy

Table 2

Orders, scientific names, common names, numbers examined, positive numbers, and intestinal parasites found in zoo birds.

Order	Scientific name	Common name	No. examined	No. positive	Parasites
Anseriformes	Anas crecca	Common Teal	1*	0
	Anser albifrons	Greater White-fronted Goose	1*	1	Strongyles-Capillarids
	Anser cygnoides	Swan Goose	1*	1	Strongyles-Capillarids
	Anser indicus	Bar-headed Goose	1	1	Strongyles-Capillarids
	Brantacanadensis	Canada Goose	1*	1	Strongyles-Capillarids
	Cereopsis novaehollandiae	Cape Barren Goose	2 (1*)	2	Strongyles-Capillarids
	Coscoroba coscoroba	Coscoroba Swan	2 (1*)	2	Strongyles-Capillarids
	Cygnus atratus	Black Swan	1*	0
	Netta rufina	Red-crested Pochard	1	0
Casuariiformes	Dromaius novaehollandiae	Emu	2*	2	Coccidia
Ciconiiformes	Egretta garzetta	Little Egret	2 (1*)	1	Strongyles
	Eudocimus ruber	Scarlet Ibis	4 (2*)	2	Strongyles
	Ciconia ciconia	White Stork	4 (1*)	2	Porrocaecum
	Nycticorax nycticorax	Black-crowned Night-heron	2 (1*)	1	Strongyles
	Threskiornis aethiopicus	Sacred Ibis	3 (1*)	2	Porrocaecum
Coraciiformes	Dacelo novaeguineae	Laughing Kookaburra	2 (1*)	0
Falconiformes	Parabuteo unicinctus	Harris’s Hawk	1*	0
Galliformes	Lophura swinhoii	Swinhoe's Pheasant	1*	0
	Pavo cristatus	Peafowl	10 (7*)	5	Strongyles-Capillarids
Gruiformes	Anthropoides virgo	Demoiselle Crane	1*	1	Porrocaecum-Capillarids
	Balearica regulorum	Grey Crowned Crane	2	2	Porrocaecum-Capillarids
Passeriformes	Corvus monedula	Jackdaw	1*	1	Strongyles
Pelecaniformes	Pelecanus onocrotalus	Great White Pelican	3*	0
	Phalacrocorax carbo	Great Cormorant	2	0
Psittaciformes	Amazona aestiva	Blue-fronted Amazon	6 (5*)	2	G. duodenalis Ass^# A (1), Cryptosporidium sp (1)
	Amazona ochrocephala	Yellow-crowned Amazon	2	0
	Ara ararauna	Blue-and-yellow Macaw	4*	1	G. duodenalis Ass A
	Ara chloroptera	Green-winked Macaw	2 (1*)	0
	Ara macao	Scarlet Macaw	2 (1*)	2	Strongyles (1),  G. duodenalis AssA (1)
	Aratinga leucophthalmus	White-eyed Conure	2 (1*)	0
	Nymphicus hollandicus	Cockatiel	2 (1*)	0
	Platycercus eximius	Eastern Rosella	1*	1	Cryptosporidium sp
	Psittacula eupatria	Alexandrine Parakeet	2*	1	Cryptosporidium sp
Rheiformes	Rhea americana	Greater Rhea	2*	0
Strigiformes	Bubo africanus	Spotted Eagle-owl	1	1	Strongyles
	Bubo bengalensis	Indian Eagle-owl	1*	0
	Bubo bubo	Eurasian Eagle-owl	3 (2*)	1^§	Oxyurids^§
	Tyto alba	Barn Owl	1*	0
Struthioniformes	Struthio camelus	Ostrich	1	0
Total			83 (52*)	35

*Number of birds examined for Cryptosporidium species and G. duodenalis genotypes; ^#Assemblage; ^§Spurious parasites were not included in the total count.