The Need for a Specific Risk Prediction System in Native Valve Infective Endocarditis Surgery

Table 1

Bivariate correlates of hospital (30-day) mortality.

	Deaths (𝑛/𝑁; %)	𝑃
Age: <40 years	2/71 (2.8%)
40–49 years	6/146 (4.1%)
50–59 years	7/91 (7.7%)	<0.001
60–69 years	10/81 (12.3%)
70–79 years	13/45 (28.9%)
≥80 years	2/6 (33.3%)
Sex (female)	16/124 (12.9%)	0.10
IE Phase (active)	37/365 (10.1%)	0.09
Site: Aortic	14/200 (7%)
Mitral	9/110 (8.2%)
Tricuspid	6/41 (14.6%)	0.27
Mitroaortic	10/71 (14.1%)
Other	1/18 (5.6%)
Drug abuse	2/58 (3.4%)	0.07
Diabetes	9/51 (17.6%)	0.03
Preop. renal failure	15/60 (25%)	<0.001
Previous cardiac surgery	4/38 (10.5%)	0.17
Ejection fraction <50%	9/49 (18.4%)	0.03
NYHA class: I, II, or III	14/350 (4.0%)	<0.001
IV	18/70 (25.7%)
Pre-op. ventilatory support	8/20 (40%)	<0.001
Previous embolism	12/142 (8.5%)	0.86
Cerebral embolism	7/59 (11.9%)	0.46
Emergency operation	17/55 (30.9%)	<0.001
Positive latest preop. blood culture	15/76 (19.7%)	0.001
Isolated microbial agent: Staphylococcal spp.	7/106 (6.6%)
Streptococcal spp.	8/123 (6.5%)	0.007
Others^1	12/55 (22%)
Perivalvular involvement	16/70 (22.9%)	<0.001
Valve repair	2/48 (4.2%)	0.38
Decade: 1980–1990	8/77 (10.4%)	0.33
1990–1999	11/139 (7.9%)
2000–2009	21/224 (9.4%)

¹“Others” here includes gram-negative, corynebacteria, enterococci, fungi, multimicrobial isolates (when introduced in analysis each of these groups constituted a separate modality of the “microbial agent” variable).