Plant Regeneration and Cellular Behaviour Studies in Celosia cristata Grown In Vivo and In Vitro

Table 1

Effects of different hormones on the tissue culture of Celosia cristata initiated from various explants maintained at 25 ± 1°C with 16 h light and 8 h dark.

Hormone concentration (mg/l)					Explants	Callus (%)	Direct regeneration (%)	Observations
NAA	BAP	IAA	KIN	ZEA
—	—	—	—	—	Leaves	—	—	—
					Stem	—	—	—
					Root	—	—	—
					Shoot	—	100	Multiple shoots and roots after 35 days
—	0.5	—	—	—	Leaves	25	—	White callus and root
					Stem	50	—	Orange callus
					Root	—	—	—
					Shoot	—	90	Multiple shoots, abnormal stem
—	1.0	—	—	—	Leaves	65	—	White callus and later dormant
					Stem	100	—	Red, black, and white callus
					Root	—	—	—
					Shoot	—	80	multiple shoots, abnormal stem
—	1.5	—	—	—	Leaves	65	—	White callus and later dormant
					Stem	100	—	White, green, and black callus
					Root	50	—	Callus
					Shoot	—	100	Multiple shoots, abnormal stem
—	2.0	—	—	—	Leaves	40	—	White callus and later dormant
					Stem	100	10	Orange callus and shoot, necrosis
					Root	65	—	Callus
					Shoot	—	100	Multiple shoots, abnormal stem
0.5	—	—	—	—	Leaves	95	—	Yellow callus and root
					Stem	100	—	White callus, necrosis
					Root	55	—	Callus
					Shoot	—	100	Multiple shoots
1.0	—	—	—	—	Leaves	20	—	White callus and roots
					Stem	30	—	Callus and roots
					Root	—	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	85	Direct regeneration after 35 days
1.5	—	—	—	—	Leaves	10	—	Callus and roots
					Stem	80	—	Callus and roots
					Root	30	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	50	Multiple shoots and roots
2.0	—	—	—	—	Leaves	5	—	Callus and roots
					Stem	15	—	Callus and roots
					Root	5	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	100	Direct regeneration after 35 days
0.5	0.5	—	—	—	Leaves	40	—	White callus and roots
					Stem	100	—	Red, yellow, and green callus, roots
					Root	30	—	Callus
					Shoot	—	90	Direct regeneration after 30 days
0.5	1.0	—	—	—	Leaves	70	—	Yellow and red callus
					Stem	80	—	Yellow and red callus
					Root	55	—	Callus
					Shoot	—	100	Multiple shoots and roots
0.5	1.5	—	—	—	Leaves	85	—	White callus
					Stem	95	—	Orange and red callus
					Root	65	—	Callus and roots
					Shoot	—	100	Multiple shoots and roots
0.5	2.0	—	—	—	Leaves	100	—	White, red, green, and black callus
					Stem	100	—	Yellow and red callus, roots
					Root	75	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	90	Direct regeneration after 30 days
1.0	0.5	—	—	—	Leaves	35	—	White callus and roots
					Stem	55	—	Roots
					Root	5	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	100	Direct regeneration after 35 days
1.0	1.0	—	—	—	Leaves	—	—	—
					Stem	—	—	—
					Root	—	—	—
					Shoot	—	—	—
1.0	1.5	—	—	—	Leaves	65	—	White and black callus, roots
					Stem	80	—	Callus and roots
					Root	30	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	50	Multiple shoots and roots
1.0	2.0	—	—	—	Leaves	20	—	Callus
					Stem	45	—	Yellow and black callus
					Root	35	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	95	Multiple shoots and roots
1.5	0.5	—	—	—	Leaves	15	—	White callus and roots
					Stem	45	—	Roots
					Root	10	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	90	Multiple shoots and roots
1.5	1.0	—	—	—	Leaves	25	—	Roots
					Stem	60	—	Roots
					Root	10	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	100	Multiple shoots and roots
1.5	1.5	—	—	—	Leaves	45	—	Callus and roots
					Stem	85	—	Callus and roots
					Root	70	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	95	Direct regeneration after 35 days
1.5	2.0	—	—	—	Leaves	80	—	Callus and roots
					Stem	100	—	Callus and roots
					Root	70	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	100	Direct regeneration after 35 days
2.0	0.5	—	—	—	Leaves	5	—	Roots
					Stem	20	—	Roots
					Root	20	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	90	Direct regeneration after 20 days
2.0	1.0	—	—	—	Leaves	10	—	Roots
					Stem	20	—	Roots
					Root	25	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	100	Multiple shoots
2.0	1.5	—	—	—	Leaves	65	—	Callus and roots
					Stem	95	—	Orange callus and roots
					Root	75	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	100	Direct regeneration after 20 days
2.0	2.0	—	—	—	Leaves	65	—	Callus
					Stem	70	—	Yellow callus and roots
					Root	—	—	—
					Shoot	—	100	Multiple shoots
—	—	1.0	—	—	Leaves	20	—	Necrosis
					Stem	45	—	White callus and roots
					Root	15	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	100	Direct regeneration after 35 days
—	—	—	1.0	—	Leaves	5	—	Necrosis
					Stem	10	—	Roots
					Root	10	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	100	Direct regeneration after 35 days
—	—	—	—	1.0	Leaves	10	—	Necrosis
					Stem	15	—	Roots
					Root	10	—	Roots
					Shoot	—	100	Direct regeneration after 35 days