|
Hormone concentration (mg/l) | Explants | Callus (%) | Direct regeneration (%) | Observations |
NAA | BAP | IAA | KIN | ZEA |
|
— | — | — | — | — | Leaves | — | — | — |
| | | | | Stem | — | — | — |
| | | | | Root | — | — | — |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Multiple shoots and roots after 35 days |
|
— | 0.5 | — | — | — | Leaves | 25 | — | White callus and root |
| | | | | Stem | 50 | — | Orange callus |
| | | | | Root | — | — | — |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 90 | Multiple shoots, abnormal stem |
|
— | 1.0 | — | — | — | Leaves | 65 | — | White callus and later dormant |
| | | | | Stem | 100 | — | Red, black, and white callus |
| | | | | Root | — | — | — |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 80 | multiple shoots, abnormal stem |
|
— | 1.5 | — | — | — | Leaves | 65 | — | White callus and later dormant |
| | | | | Stem | 100 | — | White, green, and black callus |
| | | | | Root | 50 | — | Callus |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Multiple shoots, abnormal stem |
|
— | 2.0 | — | — | — | Leaves | 40 | — | White callus and later dormant |
| | | | | Stem | 100 | 10 | Orange callus and shoot, necrosis |
| | | | | Root | 65 | — | Callus |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Multiple shoots, abnormal stem |
|
0.5 | — | — | — | — | Leaves | 95 | — | Yellow callus and root |
| | | | | Stem | 100 | — | White callus, necrosis |
| | | | | Root | 55 | — | Callus |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Multiple shoots |
|
1.0 | — | — | — | — | Leaves | 20 | — | White callus and roots |
| | | | | Stem | 30 | — | Callus and roots |
| | | | | Root | — | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 85 | Direct regeneration after 35 days |
|
1.5 | — | — | — | — | Leaves | 10 | — | Callus and roots |
| | | | | Stem | 80 | — | Callus and roots |
| | | | | Root | 30 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 50 | Multiple shoots and roots |
|
2.0 | — | — | — | — | Leaves | 5 | — | Callus and roots |
| | | | | Stem | 15 | — | Callus and roots |
| | | | | Root | 5 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Direct regeneration after 35 days |
|
0.5 | 0.5 | — | — | — | Leaves | 40 | — | White callus and roots |
| | | | | Stem | 100 | — | Red, yellow, and green callus, roots |
| | | | | Root | 30 | — | Callus |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 90 | Direct regeneration after 30 days |
|
0.5 | 1.0 | — | — | — | Leaves | 70 | — | Yellow and red callus |
| | | | | Stem | 80 | — | Yellow and red callus |
| | | | | Root | 55 | — | Callus |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Multiple shoots and roots |
|
0.5 | 1.5 | — | — | — | Leaves | 85 | — | White callus |
| | | | | Stem | 95 | — | Orange and red callus |
| | | | | Root | 65 | — | Callus and roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Multiple shoots and roots |
|
0.5 | 2.0 | — | — | — | Leaves | 100 | — | White, red, green, and black callus |
| | | | | Stem | 100 | — | Yellow and red callus, roots |
| | | | | Root | 75 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 90 | Direct regeneration after 30 days |
|
1.0 | 0.5 | — | — | — | Leaves | 35 | — | White callus and roots |
| | | | | Stem | 55 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Root | 5 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Direct regeneration after 35 days |
|
1.0 | 1.0 | — | — | — | Leaves | — | — | — |
| | | | | Stem | — | — | — |
| | | | | Root | — | — | — |
| | | | | Shoot | — | — | — |
|
1.0 | 1.5 | — | — | — | Leaves | 65 | — | White and black callus, roots |
| | | | | Stem | 80 | — | Callus and roots |
| | | | | Root | 30 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 50 | Multiple shoots and roots |
|
1.0 | 2.0 | — | — | — | Leaves | 20 | — | Callus |
| | | | | Stem | 45 | — | Yellow and black callus |
| | | | | Root | 35 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 95 | Multiple shoots and roots |
|
1.5 | 0.5 | — | — | — | Leaves | 15 | — | White callus and roots |
| | | | | Stem | 45 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Root | 10 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 90 | Multiple shoots and roots |
|
1.5 | 1.0 | — | — | — | Leaves | 25 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Stem | 60 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Root | 10 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Multiple shoots and roots |
|
1.5 | 1.5 | — | — | — | Leaves | 45 | — | Callus and roots |
| | | | | Stem | 85 | — | Callus and roots |
| | | | | Root | 70 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 95 | Direct regeneration after 35 days |
|
1.5 | 2.0 | — | — | — | Leaves | 80 | — | Callus and roots |
| | | | | Stem | 100 | — | Callus and roots |
| | | | | Root | 70 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Direct regeneration after 35 days |
|
2.0 | 0.5 | — | — | — | Leaves | 5 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Stem | 20 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Root | 20 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 90 | Direct regeneration after 20 days |
|
2.0 | 1.0 | — | — | — | Leaves | 10 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Stem | 20 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Root | 25 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Multiple shoots |
|
2.0 | 1.5 | — | — | — | Leaves | 65 | — | Callus and roots |
| | | | | Stem | 95 | — | Orange callus and roots |
| | | | | Root | 75 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Direct regeneration after 20 days |
|
2.0 | 2.0 | — | — | — | Leaves | 65 | — | Callus |
| | | | | Stem | 70 | — | Yellow callus and roots |
| | | | | Root | — | — | — |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Multiple shoots |
|
— | — | 1.0 | — | — | Leaves | 20 | — | Necrosis |
| | | | | Stem | 45 | — | White callus and roots |
| | | | | Root | 15 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Direct regeneration after 35 days |
|
— | — | — | 1.0 | — | Leaves | 5 | — | Necrosis |
| | | | | Stem | 10 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Root | 10 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Direct regeneration after 35 days |
|
— | — | — | — | 1.0 | Leaves | 10 | — | Necrosis |
| | | | | Stem | 15 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Root | 10 | — | Roots |
| | | | | Shoot | — | 100 | Direct regeneration after 35 days |
|