The Scientific World Journal

Research Article

eVITAL: A Preliminary Taxonomy and Electronic Toolkit of Health-Related Habits and Lifestyle

Table 4

Evaluation of items included in the eVITAL toolkit⁽¹⁾.


1. Domain: health descriptors

Evaluation	Instruments
History—Level 0	Sociodemographic inventory
History—Level 1	Family medical history
	Personal medical history
	Medication, hormone use, and alternative treatments
	Immunization history
History—Level 2
History—Level 3
Examination—Level 0
Examination—Level 1
Examination—Level 2
Examination—Level 2

2. Domain: cognition

Evaluation	Instruments
History—Level 0	Screening for cognitive problems
History—Level 1	Cognitive reserve (CR)
History—Level 2	(i) Cognitive risk factors
	(ii) Cognitive reserve adjusted for cognitive risk (CRar)
	(iii) Stage of change, objective [17]
History—Level 3	Global cognitive reserve (gCR)
Examination—Level 0
Examination—Level 1
Examination—Level 2	7-minute test [19, 20]
Examination—Level 3	(i) Luria’s test [21]
	(ii) Benton’s visual recognition test [22]
	(iii) Trail making test-A (TMT-A) [23]
	(iv) Finger electronic tapping test (FETT) [24]

3. Domain: vitalty and stress

Evaluation	Instruments
History—Level 0	Screening for emotional state
History—Level 1	(i) Optimism-LOT-R: life orientation test-revised [25]
	(ii) Emotional stress—Questions 5–9, SF-36: social functioning-36 question scale [26, 27]/MHI-5.
	(iii) Social isolation—STAKES [28]
	(iv) Social support—Oslo [29]
	(v) Anxiety/depression—HAD: hospital anxiety and depression scale [30]
History—Level 2	(i) NEO Pi-R: revised NEO personality inventory [31]
	(ii) Psychological well-being [32, 33]
	(iii) Sexuality quality of life: sexuality subscales [34, 35]
	(iv) Stress—HAD [30, 36]
	(v) Stage of change, objective [17]
History—Level 3	(i) Social readjustment rating scale [37]
	(ii) Type A personality—ERCTA: escala retiro de patrón de conducta tipo A (scale of Type A behavior pattern) [38]
	(iii) Aggression subscale—ZKPQ: Zuckerman-Kuhlman’s personality questionnaire [39]
	(iv) Obsessions—SPPI: standardized polyvalent psychiatric interview [40]
	(v) Hypochondriasis—SPPI [40]
	(vi) Gender-specific medical evaluation, including breast cancer risk assessment [41]
Examination—Level 0
Examination—Level 1
Examination—Level 2	Basic allostatic load: blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, total/HDL cholesterol, HDL, glycated hemoglobin, CRP
Examination—Level 3	Expanded allostatic load: add DHEA-S and urinary cortisol

4. Domain: sleep

Evaluation	Instruments
History—Level 0	Screening for insomnia and hypersomnia
History—Level 1	(i) Insomnia—SPPI [40]
	(ii) Somnolence—Epworth sleepiness scale [42–44]
	(iii) Specific sleep-related symptoms
	(iv) Sleep habits
History—Level 2	Stage of change, objective [17]
History—Level 3
Examination—Level 0
Examination—Level 1
Examination—Level 2
Examination—Level 3	Polysomnography

5. Domain: diet and exercise

Evaluation	Instruments
	Instruments DIET	Instruments EXERCISE
History—Level 0	Screening for change in appetite (SSPI)	Activity level
History—Level 1	Eating habits	Exercise habits
	Table of mealtimes	Exercise readiness—Par-Q: physical activity readiness questionnaire [45]
	Appetite-SPPI [40]	Fatigue-adapted SPPI [40]
	Subclassification BMI	Estimated METs
	Metabolic classification (combines weight status and activity level) (16 levels)
	Classification as recommendations: 5 levels
	Readiness to change—diet and exercise—subjective	Readiness to change—diet and exercise—objective
History—Level 2	CFCA-food frequency questionnaire [46]
	Digestive symptoms, food intolerance, dental problems	Musculoskeletal physical barriers to exercise
	Readiness to change—diet and exercise—objective	Readiness to change—diet and exercise—objective
History—Level 3
Examination—Level 0	(i) Waist circumference
	(ii) Reported body mass index (BMI) from reported weight and height
Examination—Level 1	(i) Body composition—subclassification BMI
	(ii) Waist-to-hip ratio
	(iii) BMI adjusted for waist circumference [47], (BMIa)
Examination—Level 2	(i) Basic lab work: total/HDL cholesterol, HDL, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, microalbumin, glucose, insulin
	(ii) Blood pressure, heart rate.
	(iii) Adjusted BMI (for adult weight gain, triglyceride/HDL, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and presence or absence of sleep apnea and osteoarthritis (BMIar))
	(iv) Body composition (triceps skin fold), estimated muscle mass (arm circumference)
	(v) Insulin resistance-HOMA-IR [48]
Examination—Level 3	3-day food record analyzed by nutritionist	Indirect METs calculated through compendium of physical activities—CPHA [49]
		Hand strength via dynamometry
	(i) Body composition via BIA or DEXA	(i) Somatometry
	(ii) Nutritional calculator	(ii) Ergometry
		(iii) Direct METs measurement

6. Domain: substance abuse

Evaluation	Instruments
History—Level 0	Screening for substance abuse
History—Level 1	Inventory: use and abuse of prescription medications, use of caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drugs
	Adapted CAGE questionnaire for each substance [50, 51]
	Stage of change for each substance, subjective
History—Level 2	(i) Stage of change for each substance, objective
	(ii) For smokers: Fagerström’s test of nicotine dependence [52, 53]
History—Level 3
Examination—Level 0
Examination—Level 1
Examination—Level 2
Examination—Level 3	Nicotine—CO-oximetry
	Alcohol—GGT, MCV
	Drug levels in urine/blood/hair tests

7. Domain: other risk habits

Evaluation	Instruments
History—Level 0
History—Level 1	(i) Medication adherence.
	(ii) Inventory of risk behaviors: risky sexual behavior, dangerous sports, gambling, dangerous driving, potentially dangerous travel, internet/technology addiction.
	(iii) Readiness to change—subjective
History—Level 2	Readiness to change—objective
History—Level 3
Examination—Level 0
Examination—Level 1
Examination—Level 2
Examination—Level 3

⁽¹⁾All tests are fully described at the eVITAL webpage (http://www.longevidad.org/). References can be downloaded at http://www.longevidad.org/descargas/011anexo_bibliografia_final.pdf.
BIA: bioelectrical impedance analysis; CO: carbon monoxide; CRP: C-reactive protein; DEXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; HOMA: homeostatic model assessment; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MHI: mental health index.